The hidden risk: understanding breast density and cancer

By Dr Susan Hawe12 June 20254 min read

Your Guide to understanding Breast Cancer and screening options.

By Dr Susan Hawes

How common is breast cancer?

Over 21,000 Australians will be diagnosed with breast cancer this year. Risk of breast cancer increases greatly after the age of 50. However, around 1,000 women aged under 40 are diagnosed with breast cancer each year. 1:7 women and 1:550 men are diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime.

I have felt a breast lump. Are most breast lumps cancerous?

No. Approximately 10% of breast lumps are cancers, and 90% are not cancer. It is important to have any new breast changes investigated with your doctor. This can include a new lump, dimpling of the skin, new onset redness, nipple changes such as crusting, ulceration, abnormal nipple discharge or new onset of nipple inversion.

Should I be checked out if I had a normal screening mammogram last year?

Yes. If a patient develops new breast symptoms these should be checked with a doctor. BreastScreen is a health initiative that aims to reduce illness and death from breast cancer. Women aged 50-74 are actively invited to free mammogram screening every 2 years. Women aged 40 to 49 or over 75 can also attend who do not have breast symptoms. Some women can also undergo breast checks and have breast imaging organised with their general practitioner.

Can women with breast implants have mammograms?

Yes. It is generally safe to have a mammogram with breast implants. However, it is important to advise the imaging company or BreastScreen beforehand so that the best images can be obtained.

What is breast density?

Breasts are made of a mixture of glandular tissue, fibrous connective tissue, and fatty breast tissue. It is not something that can be determined when breasts are examined. Only a radiologist looking at a mammogram can tell if a woman has dense breasts. Density describes the relative amount of these different types of breast tissue as seen on a mammogram. Dense breast tissue has relatively higher amounts of glandular and fibrous connective tissue and relatively low amounts of fatty breast tissue. Dense breast tissue can make mammograms more difficult to interpret because dense breast tissue and abnormal changes both appear white on mammograms whereas fatty tissue appears dark. This can result in women with dense breasts being called back for more follow-up testing to reduce risk of missing cancer. At present there is not enough evidence to recommend more testing in women with dense breasts; however, breast MRI, USS and contrast mammograms are tests that can give doctors more information to reduce the risk of missing cancer. You can discuss this with your GP or be referred to a breast specialist to discuss this further.

Are dense breasts common?

Yes, dense breasts are common. Nearly half of all women who are 40 and older who get mammograms are found to have dense breast tissue. Higher breast density can be hereditary, is associated with low body mass index and may be seen in women who use hormone replacement therapy for menopause symptoms. Lower breast density can be due to increasing age and having had children.

What is a strong family history?

Having 2 or more people in the family – particularly first- degree relatives (mother, sister or daughter) who meet any of the following criteria is classified as strong: • Breast cancer before age 40 • Triple negative breast cancer • First degree relatives with breast or ovarian cancer • Breast or ovarian cancer in the same woman • Male breast cancer • Breast cancer that occurs in both breasts • Ashkenazi Jewish history • Many people on the same side of the family affected by breast, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate cancer, sarcoma or melanoma. 95% of breast cancers have nothing to do with family history.

What tests will be performed if my doctor is suspicious of breast cancer?

After thorough history and clinical examination your doctor may order the following. Breast imaging such as mammogram and ultrasound and in some instances breast MRI. Diagnosis also requires taking some tissue with a biopsy which is usually performed by a radiologist and involves a fine needle biopsy or core biopsy. If you are diagnosed with breast cancer then you will be referred to a surgeon to discuss further treatment options.

What if I have breast cancer?

Many people diagnosed with breast cancer are successfully treated. Finding breast cancer early offers the best chance of successful treatment and recovery. The five-year survival rate for Stage 1 (early) breast cancer is, on average, 100% and Stage 2 is 95%. For locally advanced cancers (known as Stage 3) the survival rate is 81%, while the five-year survival rate for Stage 4 (metastatic breast cancer) is significantly lower at 32%.

Further information.

Having a breast problem can be very stressful, particularly if you need lots of tests. Some women who receive the all-clear with their results may find it takes time to stop worrying. The best contact is initially your general practitioner to speak to about any breast concerns you have and they can refer you to a breast specialist if required. Talking with your partner, family or friends can be helpful, or you can call the Cancer Council Helpline on 13 11 20.

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A Guide to Different Dermalogica Cleansers and Their Uses

A Guide to Different Dermalogica Cleansers and Their Uses Choosing a facial cleanser sounds simple until you start comparing formulas for oily skin, dryness, breakouts, and sensitivity. The right cleanser should remove daily dirt, excess oil, sunscreen, and makeup without leaving your skin feeling uncomfortable. A formula that works well for one person may feel too rich or too drying for another. Understanding Dermalogica cleanser types can help you narrow down the options according to your skin’s needs and your daily routine. Dermalogica offers different cleansing products, including gentle daily cleansers, oil-based formulas, and exfoliating options. Each serves a slightly different purpose, so knowing how they differ can make it easier to choose a suitable starting point. Why Choosing the Right Cleanser Matters Cleansing is the first step in many skincare routines. It helps remove substances that accumulate on the skin throughout the day, including sweat, excess sebum, environmental dirt, and cosmetic products. However, effective cleansing does not require your skin to feel tight or completely stripped afterwards. Over-cleansing or using a formula that does not suit your skin can contribute to dryness and irritation. What to Consider Before Choosing a Cleanser Your skin type, current concerns, and preferred routine can all influence your choice. Oily Skin: You may prefer a cleanser that removes excess oil without leaving a heavy residue. Dry Skin: A gentle formula that cleanses without excessive dryness may be more comfortable. Combination Skin: A balanced cleanser can help manage oilier areas while remaining comfortable on drier cheeks. Sensitive Skin: A simple formula with ingredients your skin tolerates is often a sensible starting point. Makeup and Sunscreen Users: You may benefit from an additional first-cleansing step to help remove persistent products. Skin type can also change with weather, age, medication, and other factors. Review how your skin responds instead of assuming one formula will always meet your needs. Understanding Different Dermalogica Cleanser Types Dermalogica’s cleansing range includes products designed for everyday cleansing, removing makeup, and addressing particular skin concerns. The following examples illustrate some of the differences between its well-known Dermalogica cleanser types. Special Cleansing Gel for Everyday Use Special Cleansing Gel is a soap-free foaming cleanser intended for daily use. It is an option to consider if you prefer a traditional gel texture that rinses away easily. Its role is to cleanse the skin rather than provide intensive exfoliation or replace targeted skincare treatments. Consider it if you prefer a lightweight, foaming cleanser. Use it according to the product directions as part of your regular routine. Monitor your skin for tightness or dryness, particularly if you already use active ingredients. Foaming cleansers are not automatically unsuitable for dry skin, but the overall formulation and your individual tolerance matter. UltraCalming Cleanser for Sensitive Skin UltraCalming Cleanser is formulated for skin that needs a gentle cleansing approach. It may be worth considering if your skin frequently feels uncomfortable or reacts to products. When choosing a cleanser for sensitive skin, pay attention to the full ingredient list rather than relying on the product name alone. Avoid known personal triggers. Cleanse gently without scrubbing. Follow the product’s instructions for application and removal. Stop using it if irritation develops. Persistent redness, burning, or itching may require professional advice rather than repeated cleanser changes. Special Cleansing Options for Makeup Removal Daily sunscreen, long-wear foundation, and waterproof makeup can be difficult to remove with a single wash. Dermalogica’s PreCleanse is an oil-based cleansing product designed to help dissolve oil-based impurities before a second cleanser is used. This approach is commonly known as double cleansing. Apply the first cleanser as directed to help loosen makeup, sunscreen, and excess sebum. Follow the product instructions for adding water and rinsing. Use a suitable second cleanser to complete your routine. Double cleansing is not essential for everyone. If your regular cleanser removes your sunscreen and makeup effectively, an additional step may not be necessary. Choosing a Cleanser for Specific Skin Concerns Beyond basic cleansing, some products are formulated for people who want to address uneven texture, congestion, or excess oil. The important distinction is between a cleanser that supports a particular concern and a treatment designed to manage it directly. Daily Microfoliant and Exfoliating Cleansers Dermalogica’s Daily Microfoliant is a rice-based exfoliating powder activated with water. It differs from a conventional gel cleanser because it provides exfoliation as part of the cleansing process. Exfoliating products may help improve the appearance of uneven surface texture, but they are not necessary for every skin type. Follow the directions for the recommended amount and application method. Avoid aggressive rubbing, particularly if your skin is sensitive. Be cautious when combining exfoliating products with retinoids or other potentially irritating active ingredients. Reduce use or stop if your skin becomes persistently red, tight, or uncomfortable. Clearing Skin and Managing Excess Oil People with oily or blemish-prone skin may prefer products formulated to cleanse away excess sebum and impurities. Dermalogica offers products within its broader range that address these needs, but the most appropriate choice depends on the specific formula and your skin’s condition. Avoid trying to eliminate all oil from your skin. Excessively harsh cleansing can compromise comfort without necessarily preventing future breakouts. If acne is persistent or severe, a cleanser alone may not provide sufficient treatment. A dermatologist can help you choose appropriate products and treatments. How to Use a Dermalogica Cleanser Correctly Even a suitable cleanser can feel uncomfortable if you use too much, scrub too hard, or combine it with too many active products. For most routines, consistency matters more than the number of products you use. Wet your face or prepare your skin as directed by the specific cleanser. Massage gently using your fingertips rather than abrasive tools. Rinse thoroughly, avoiding water that feels excessively hot. Pat your skin dry instead of rubbing it vigorously. Follow with a moisturiser suited to your skin and sunscreen during the day. Conclusion Understanding the different Dermalogica cleanser types makes it easier to select a product based on your skin’s needs rather

Health and Wellness

Feeling Off? It Might Be More Connected Than You Think

For many women, health conversations happen in fragments. You visit one practitioner for a sore back, another for fatigue, and another for hormonal shifts that leave you wondering if you’re just “getting older.” But what if all of those threads were actually part of the same story? That’s the philosophy at the heart of The Good Joint, a Gold Coast integrated health clinic where practitioners don’t just work in the same building, they work together. One Clinic, One Conversation .. A Team Built Around You Under the guidance of Founder and Head Chiropractor Luke Veverka, the team at The Good Joint brings together an exceptional group of women’s health specialists, among them Prue their Naturopath, Hollie their Acupuncturist, Victoria their Physiotherapist, alongside Chiropractor Julie (who also specialises in pregnancy care) and Remedial Massage Therapist and Manual Lymphatic Drainage practitioners Mikayla and Michele. Across chiropractic, acupuncture, naturopathy and massage, each practitioner is part of a connected conversation about your care. Women’s Health, From the Inside Out The team is particularly passionate about hormone regulation and nervous system support, two areas that are deeply intertwined and often underestimated in their influence on everything from energy and mood to pain, sleep, and recovery. “When your nervous system is dysregulated, or your hormones are out of sync, it affects your whole life,” the team explains. “Our goal is to look at the full picture, not just treat the symptom.” Whether you’re navigating perimenopause, recovering from pregnancy, managing chronic stress or simply want to feel more like yourself, Good Joint offers a warm, collaborative space to start that conversation. GOOD JOINT™ Stop Getting Passed Around.Everyone’s already here. thegoodjoint.com.au | 07 5651 65942563 Gold Coast Highway, Mermaid Beach

Health and Wellness

Beat the Sunday Scaries: 7 Things to Try Before Monday

By Zahra Ciardi, Psychologist and founder of Ascendant Bali Sunday evening can sometimes feel like the weekend has ended before it actually has. Your thoughts shift towards Monday, unfinished tasks start circling and suddenly checking your inbox feels difficult to resist. Often called the ‘Sunday scaries’, this dread can be a form of anticipatory anxiety – anxiety driven by what might happen next. Interestingly, it’s often uncertainty rather than workload that fuels the feeling. A packed but predictable week may feel more manageable than a quiet one with a single unresolved issue. There is an important distinction, though. If you’re dreading Monday because you’re returning to a harmful workplace, manager or team, that anxiety has a known cause. These strategies may help manage the immediate feelings, but they won’t solve the underlying problem. Otherwise, try these seven things in the final hours of Sunday. 1. Clear your open loops Spend five minutes writing down unfinished tasks, questions and anything you’re worried about forgetting. Choose one or two priorities for Monday and leave the rest on the page. Getting those thoughts out of your head can free up valuable mental space. 2. Reality-check Monday Separate what you know will happen from what you’re predicting. Ask yourself what might be difficult but manageable and what support you have available. The aim isn’t to convince yourself everything will be perfect, but to bring your thinking back to what’s actually known. 3. Create a moment of control Make one decision, complete a small task or set a boundary. Even when you can’t control the bigger stressor, a genuine sense of agency can help reduce distress. 4. Leave something unresolved Resist the urge to plan away every unknown. Instead, deliberately leave one manageable thing unresolved until Monday. Learning to tolerate small amounts of uncertainty can gradually reduce the need to control every detail. 5. Check messages once If completely avoiding your inbox makes you more anxious, choose one time to check it. Set a firm limit and decide what genuinely requires action. Constant checking can briefly relieve uncertainty, but quickly becomes a cycle. 6. Set a finishing time Choose a realistic cut-off for work messages and planning, then create a physical transition into the rest of your evening. Take a walk, have a shower or change into comfortable clothes – anything that signals the working week hasn’t started yet. 7. Stop solving Monday in bed If anxiety is keeping you awake, add anything you’re worried about forgetting to your list. If you’re still alert, get up briefly and do something quiet in low light rather than reopening your inbox or returning to planning. The goal isn’t to eliminate every uncomfortable feeling about Monday. It’s to stop treating uncertainty like an emergency – and allow some things to remain unknown until morning.

Health and Wellness

Visceral Fat: The Fat You Can’t See – and Why It Matters

We tend to think of body fat as the soft layer we can see or pinch around our stomach, hips or thighs. But there’s another type of fat that deserves our attention – visceral fat. Unlike subcutaneous fat, which sits just beneath the skin, visceral fat is stored deep inside the abdomen, surrounding organs such as the liver, pancreas and intestines. You can’t see or pinch it and, perhaps surprisingly, you can carry higher levels even if you appear relatively slim. Why does visceral fat matter? Visceral fat isn’t simply stored energy. It is metabolically active, releasing hormones and inflammatory compounds that can affect how the body functions. Higher levels have been linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, fatty liver and metabolic syndrome. For women, age and hormonal changes can also play a role. As oestrogen levels fall through menopause, the body has a greater tendency to store fat around the abdomen – which may explain why your waistline can begin to change even when your lifestyle hasn’t dramatically altered. The encouraging news is that visceral fat responds well to relatively simple lifestyle changes and is often among the first fat to reduce when overall body fat decreases. Do you have too much? You don’t necessarily need a special scan to get an indication. Waist measurement is a useful and simple starting point. For women, a waist measurement over 80cm suggests an increased health risk, while over 88cm suggests a higher risk. Another easy guide is your waist-to-height ratio – ideally, your waist should measure less than half your height. These measurements are general guides rather than a diagnosis, so speak to your GP if you have concerns. Why does it build up? There’s rarely one single cause. Visceral fat can increase through a combination of consuming more energy than the body uses, highly processed foods, sugary drinks and alcohol, low physical activity, ageing, hormonal changes, poor sleep, chronic stress and genetics. While we can’t control every factor, there is plenty we can influence. How to reduce visceral fat Forget endless sit-ups – unfortunately, we can’t choose where our body loses fat. Instead, focus on reducing overall body fat and building healthier habits. Eat well: Base meals around vegetables, lean protein, fibre-rich carbohydrates and healthy fats, while reducing highly processed foods, refined carbohydrates and sugary snacks. Combine strength and cardio: Brisk walking, cycling, jogging or interval training can help burn energy, while strength training builds and maintains muscle and supports metabolism. Cut back on alcohol: Alcohol can add significant extra energy and is associated with fat storage around the middle. Prioritise sleep: Aim for around seven to nine hours. Poor sleep can disrupt hormones involved in appetite and fat storage. Manage stress: Chronic stress raises cortisol, which can encourage abdominal fat storage and increase cravings. Walking, time outdoors, gentle exercise and simply making time to unwind can all help. Small changes count Reducing visceral fat doesn’t require extreme diets or punishing workouts. Consistency is far more important. Eating well, moving regularly, including strength training, getting enough sleep, managing stress and moderating alcohol can all make a difference – not simply to your waistline, but to your long-term health. And that makes visceral fat worth paying attention to, even if you can’t see it.